Mule Deer - Breeding
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Picture source:
Sevilleta Long-Term Ecological Research © 1994-2003
The University of New Mexico
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The reproductive rate of Mule Deer is 94 fawns per 100 does. It's low because of the does' slow sexual maturity that is attained at the age of 18 months. Only 68% of yearlings become pregnant. As for bucks, they are allowed to participate in rut only at the age of 3-4 years.
A newborn fawn weighs about 2.5 kg. They are weaned at the age of 60-75 days; it is a critical time because if the green forage is not available, both mother and fawn are sure to have difficulties in surviving a frosty winter.
Mule Deer - Economic Importance
Mule Deer contribute to local economies as big game mammals. For Native Americans and early settlers, deer meat (venison) was one of the major sources of protein. Up to the present deer hides are used to make jackets, moccasins and other articles.
But Mule Deer fondness for agricultural crops leads to problems, especially in winter. Deer graze heavily on Douglas fur and Ponderosa pine, which are of major importance for commercial timber harvesters. Also, deer maladies, such as hoof-and-mouth disease, anthrax, and tularemia can be transmitted to livestock. And Deer often cause highway collisions. Legal harvest of Mule Deer is the major tool to reduce their population.
Mule Deer - Hunting Links
Alberta White-tail and Mule Deer Association - Information, resources, news and links about starting up and operating a white-tail and mule deer farm or ranch.
Bowhunting in the North Dakota Badlands - Bowhunt Mule Deer and Whitetail Deer in the Badlands of North Dakota in a trophy producing area.
Horizon Guide and Outfitters - Offers fully guided hunting trips in New Mexico for elk, pronghorn, mule-deer, coues deer, antelope, black bear, and cougar.
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Picture source:
Wildlife © 2001-2003
Steve Mason
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Mesquite Country Outfitters - Guided hunts out of Roaring Springs, Texas for whitetail deer, mule deer, quail, turkey, dove, wild hogs, and varmints on the Pitchfork Ranch.
Mule Deer Hunt - The West's largest hunting show.
Mule Deer Hunting -All possible hunting supplies: scents, calls, targets, and etc.
Mule Deer Hunts - Guided hunt - price and description.
Mule Deer Seasons - All about Mule Deer hunting.
MuleyMadness - Mule Deer Haven - Site dedicated to all things mule deer. Photos, video, stories, recipes, info, artwork, etc. Also includes elk, pronghorn and other big-game species. Big game hunting magazine focusing on mule deer.
Other mule deer hunts - Private ranch in New Mexico offers trophy mule deer to only two hunters.
Red Creek Outfitters L.L.C. - Outfitters offering guided in big game hunts for lion, elk, moose and mule deer. Based in Coalville.
Sioux Pass Outfitters and Charters - Whitetail and mule deer hunting out of Fairview, Montana.
The Mule Deer Foundation - The Mule Deer Foundation, a national non-profit conservation organization dedicated to stopping the vehicle collisions with Deer.
Mule Deer - Management Links
Calm Zoo - Present life history and ecology of Mule Deer. Animals for adoption are available.
Colorado Mule Deer - A nonprofit organization dedicated to the welfare of the Colorado Mule Deer.
Deer Management - Tells about the relationships between Deer and people.
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Picture source:
Wind Cave National Park
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Habitat Work for Mule Deer - Acknowledge regulated hunting as a viable component of mule and blacktail deer conservation.
ames Swan on Mule Deer on National Review Online - Habitat conversion is a more accurate description of the problem with mule-deer conservation.
Mule Deer - A detailed description and problems of conservation of Mule Deer.
Mule Deer Foundation - The Mission of The Mule Deer Foundation
is to ensure the conservation of Mule and Black-tail Deer and their habitats.
MuleDeerNet - Includes news and information network designed to increase cooperation and communication among public and private stakeholders concerned with mule deer conservation.
Southeast Idaho Mule Deer Foundation - The SEIMDF was founded to promote Mule Deer conservation in southeastern Idaho for hunters and non-hunters alike.
